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@nimh ,gnent getraut @fitta ROBERT M. AND .DUNCAN GAMERUN, GF EDINBURGH, NORTE RITAIN..

Letters Patent llTo. 61,150, dated January l5, 1867.

TO ALL WHOM IT MAY CONCERN:

Be it known that we, ROBERT 'Mnerurynu CAMERON and Duncan CAMERON, both of Edinburgh, in the county ol Mid Lothian, North Britain, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Pens used for writing; and wc hereby declare the foilowii'ig to be a full, clear, and exact description of the same, reference being had to the accompanying drawings.

This invention, which consists of certain improvements to be employed in the construction of pens used fon writing, has for its. object thc'construction of apen which shall travel over the surface of a. rough straw, or other paper, without its being liable to be stopped in its course by any of the projections which are usually found on papers of an inferior quality. The mode in which this improvement is eti'ected'is by slightly turning ott, in au upward direction, the extreme tips oi` the nibs. By this arrangement a narrow rounded surface is applied to the paper iu lieu of a sharp point, asin pens hitherto ordinarily constructed. The formation of the nibs in the manner hereinbefore described is effected as hereinafter more particularly set forth.

Descrzptz'on of Drawings. Figure is a side elevation, drawn to a large scale, of one form of pen constructed according to this present invention.

Figure 2 is a plan directly corresponding to tig. l.

Figure 3 is a side elevation of another or more ordinary form of pen, having our said improvements combined therewith; and

Figure 4 is a plan correspondingto tig. 3.

Although in the appended sheet'of drawings We have shown only two forms of pens, still it is to be understood that all kinds and forms of steel peus, beside those we have now shown, are or may be made in accordance with our said invention. In carrying this invention into-etfect, after the blanks from which the pens are to be produced are punched from the plate, these are transferred to another punching machine, fitted with a punch and matrix corresponding to the form of the hole figs. 2 and 4, from which the split is afterward extended to the tips ofL the nibs, and as soon as the hole is punched, the blank has the curved or other shapedindentation, B, figs. 1 and i), formed on it by being acted upon by a die andmatrix correspondingly formed. As soon as this indentation is made, the blank is transferred to the bending die and matrix, by which the longitudinally curved form is imparted to it. After having passed through the hereinbefore mentioned mechanical processes, the pens are hardened by being placed iu an iron hardening box or hardening boxes, which are heated in a suitable furnace until the hardening temperature is reached, and when in the heated state they are immersed into a bath ot' oil, Where they remain until cool, after which the pens are tempered and split. Up to this stage ot' the manufacture the general routine is'much thesame as that ordinarily employed in the making of metallic pens; but in order to produce a pen possessing tho qualities heroinbei'ore described, it is necessary that the extremity of the nibsshould be, toa slight extent, curved in an upward direction, and it is here intended to he distinctly expressed and understood that the parts ofthe nibs produced in a direction tending upward from the body ot' the pon, are turned by preference in the form of a segment of a circle, instead of in a direction strictly angular, as we have found by experiment that the circular turn of the nibs enables a much finer stroke to be produced in writing with the improved pens than can be effected with nibs turned up at a rectilinear angle. There are several ways in which the turning orn the nibs may be eiected, and this is the last stage of the manufa cture. The mode in which it is preferred to curve or turn thevnibs is as follows: After thepens are hardened, split, and otherwise iiuishod, their extreme tips are passed into or between a pair of pressers or rollers, which are caused to draw in and squeeze or press upon thev portion of the pen to bo curved. This action of the prcssers or rollers is elfeetedby any well-known approaching and receding system of mechanism, such as is used in other preceding stages of steel pen manufacture. v

Claim.

The construction of pens possessing the improved qualities in the manner substantially hcreinbefore described, and shown in the accompanying drawings.

In testimony whereof we have signed our names to this specitication in the presenceot" two subscribing witnesses.

M. CAMERGN, Witnesses; Duncan crimson.

HENRY I. T. TURNBUILL, WILLIAM HAY. 

